Bipolar Disorder And Mental Illness - 2097 Words

Bipolar disorder, also called manic depression, is a systemic disorder that affects a person both mentally and physically. While talking about diseases and disorders may be hard for some, it is vital that we do in order to have an understanding of them. Bipolar disorder affects so many people in the world that it is highly likely that you probably know someone suffering from it. It is a disorder that we are still making discoveries about each and everyday, and will continue to do so in order to satisfy our thirst for knowledge. Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness that not many people have a full understanding of. In the US, more than three million people have bipolar disorder. It can come at any age, but usually appears in the†¦show more content†¦During the low, or depressive, periods, people with severe cases of bipolar disorder lose nearly all interest in life and are never happy. Time moves slowly and life seems to be dragging on. People can feel worthless and can have pessimistic thoughts, such as dying of a terminal disease or being punished. They can also have physical symptoms as well. Some of these symptoms can be headaches, body aches, fatigue, insomnia, and lethargy (Harvard, 2001). During this period, suicide is an ever present threat and for this reason, people during the depressed state should be watched and looked after. The manic phase is the other half to bipolar disorder. Usually the manic phase is the first that people will ever experience when they acquire the illness. A milder form of mania is known as hypomania. During hypomania, a person may have swift and flow ing thoughts and be extremely creative. Many writers and artists extract ideas from their periods of hypomania. During a true manic period, a person may be extremely irritable, and have an elevated mood that encourages them to try dangerous activities. This can cause problems at work, home, and school. Since a person can have poor judgement during this period, loved ones should try to protect them from participating in self harming activities such as drug or alcohol abuse, going on large

Hat factors affect your choice of career free essay sample

Career choice is a complex phenomenon that can be better appreciated through a study of its key components, i. e. career and choice (Websters Dictionary, 1998). Dating back to the seminal works of Hughes (1937) and Goffman (1968), career has been the focus of many studies. However, the contemporary formulations of the concept by critical realists embody a layered conception that embraces subjective experiences and objective structures of work in interplay (Layder, 1993). The definition (choice) incorporates two components: First is the availability of alternatives, which presents an objective reality, and the second one, the act of preference, which involves a subjective process. If a reference to career choice is made, availability of career choices and the dynamics of choosing a career should be examined. Hence, in order for career choice to take place, there should be alternative career routes available and there should be an individual preference between these career options (Marshall, 1989). Career choice is a subject which has attracted academic, professional as well as public attention, due to its multifaceted nature. Since career is a result of the interplay between individuals within organizational and social structures, it yields well to analysis from diverse perspectives ranging from occupational psychology to organizational sociology. Research on career choice is not uncommon on occupational groups such as accountants and health care professionals (see Morrison 2004, Hallissey et al. 2000, Kyriacou and Colthart 2000). The aim of such research is often to predict career choice behaviors based on personality as well as demographic distributive factors. The present study aims to investigate students perception towards a career as Chartered Accountants. The topic is of interest since it is estimated that by 2020. Malaysia needs 65. 000 Chartered Accountants to fulfill industry needs (Abdullah, 2001). However, to date (as at 2010) only a number of 65. 000 accountants are mainly available. Given such statistics, it is almost impossible for the professor to meet the demands in the years time. As such, this study will shed some light or what is the perception of students toward these professors. The results could enable us to understand more the issue of career choice by accounting students. In Malaysia, accounting graduates from the public universities who are interested to register as public accountants are required to become members of the Malaysian Institute of Accountants (MIA). At present, MIA only recognized accounting graduates who graduated from the public universities or from professional accounting studies such as Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA), Malaysian Association of Certified Public Accountants (MACPA) and Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA). That is, MIA only accepts candidates for membership who hold the relevant academic qualification listed under the Accountants Act 1967. It is therefore, arguable that the public university students would register to become public accountants as their qualifications are recognized by MIA. Several studies in the education literature have identified that students share a common belief that the accounting environment offer a higher supply of jobs compared to other areas of business (Paolillo and Estes, 1982; Wheeler, 1983; Cangelosi et al. , 1985; Kochanek and Norgaard, 1985). Of consequence, such belief plays an important role in choosing their career decisions. Further, these studies found their respondents preferring to become public accountants compared to other accounting profession (Carpenter and Strawser, 1970). In Malaysia, several studies have shown that accounting profession is still popular amongst the students (Goon, 1975, Samidi and Tew 1995; Hashim et al, 2003 and Said et al. , 2004). For example: Goon (1975) found that the majority of her respondents had chosen accounting as a profession. Samidi and Tew (1995) reported that the profession is still the most popular choice 20 years later. Said et al. (2004) found that the accounting profession ranked amongst the two most preferred careers given by the public and private university students. The previous research internationally has examined high school and perception of tertiary students of an accounting profession and their intentions to pursue accounting career as the choice to the main thing in accounting can be made at any educational level. However, in results are many inconsistencies. The most of these prior studies are quantitative surveys whose results are statistically analyzed using a variety of methods including univariate, multivariate and factor analysis. A small number of these papers also utilize a theoretical framework based on the Theory of Planned Behaviours (Cohen Hanno, 1993; Felton, Dimnick Northey, 1995; Allen, 2004; Tan Laswad, 2006). As such, there has been no attempt to determine the reasons behind the perceptions and intentions or to provide any insight into why there are differences. Some accounting education researchers suggest a need for further research that considers these areas, conceivably by using qualitative research approaches (Hardin, OBryan Quinn, 2000; Byrne Flood, 2005; Sugahara, Kurihara Boland, 2006). So this current study sheds insights into the factors that affect a students vocational pathway. It focuses on both undergraduate and graduate students in UUM. The rest of this paper is as follows. It first discusses the prior literature in the area and then outlines the research method. It is accompanied by results, the analysis and related discussion. Work at last represents the conclusions of the study, its limitations and opportunities of the future research. LITERATURE REVIEW INTRODUCTION. There have been many previous studies that have examined the choice of accounting as a career by students, including the factors and people (referents) that influence their choice, their level of interest in accounting, and their perceptions on careers as chartered accountants. PERCEPTIONS OF THE ACCOUNTING PROFESSION. Some studies have found that people perceptions depend on many factors that influence their career decisions (Holland, 1966; 1973). Students perception effect them toward the accounting profession Marriot and Marriott (2003) term, the experience of students at the university and profession impact for pre decision. Therefore the monitor of public perception and students perception is very important for accounting professions, the relation between students perspective and perception of accounting (Nelson et al. , 2002, p. 282). Albrecht and Sack (2000) found that the important reason for declining the number of accounting graduate because they dont have more information about the meaning of accounting and accountants job. (Albrecht Sack, 2000, p. 28). Previous studies in USA identified that are many factors for those accounting students had no plan to accounting major and no idea to choose accounting as a career considered the accounting work environment (Cohen Hanno, 1993; Hermanson Hermanson, 1995; Saemann Crooker, 1999; Fransisco, Noland, Kelly, 2003; Allen, 2004). However, other research suggests the negative perception of accounting in Australian accounting university (first-year accounting students) (Jackling Calero, 2006), but the research in Canada suggests that the students have a high accounting perception (Felton et al. , 1994). Another research in New Zealand, found that the profession as boring for the final year of accounting students at five universities (Ahmed et al. 1997, p. 333). In addition, the study by (Laswad Tan, 2005, p. 61) suggests that business students have the impression that accountants are dull, boring, number crunchers. LEVEL OF INTEREST IN ACCOUNTING. Many studies suggests that those the accounting students (high school) have a more positive attitude towards accounting or becoming a CA, and those students more likely to study at university (Felton et al. , 1995; Hermanson Hermanson, 1995; Bryne Willis, 1995; Sugahara Boland, 2005; Hartwell et al, 2005; Tan Laswad, 2006). the students at high level they effect on those that choose a CA career Felton et al. (1994). Other research found that the students at the high school have experience and interest or matahematics those who choose accounting major (Paolillo Estes, 1982; Cohen Hanno, 1993; Allen, 2004; Bryne Flood, 2005; Hartwell et al. , 2005). In contrast, based in the study by Tan and Laswad (2006) suggests that skills and a background in mathematics are not an important of performance in accounting courses. Another study suggested that the accounting students (first or introductory ) has been argued the first year or introductory is good stage can effect for interest levels or accounting perception and they can impact on tertiary students career (Cohen Hanno, 1993; Felton et al. , 1995; Chen, Jones, McIntyre, 2005; Jackling Calero, 2006). Nonetheless, Saemann Crooker (1999). INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC CAREER RELATED FACTORS. A number of studies have indicated that the important factor for accounting students to discipline choice is job satisfaction (Paolillo and Estes, 1982; Gul et al 1989; Ahmed et al. , 1997; Auyeung and Sands 1997). However Paolillo and Estes, 1982 and Ahmed et al. , 1997 also suggests that the lower importance of intrinsic for accountancy. This is in contrast to the findings of Linden (1987), Adams et al. , (1994), Felton et al. , (1994) and Jackling and Calero (2006), who demonstrate that intrinsic factors are very important in career decisions made by accounting students. Some studies found that the interest and enjoyable in the subject is very important to choose accounting major Adams et al. , (1994) and Mauldin et al. , (2000), Saemann and Crooker (1999) this finding was further supported by results of Jackling and Calero (2006) suggests the enjoyment of the accounting topics can affect for students career in accounting. Other studies have found that many students believe the accounting curriculum impacts on students perceptions of the work of the accountant and their desire to pursue a career in accounting (Zeff 1989). Prior research has found misconceptions of what the level of interesting in accounting subject and accountants job are not the only factors that students dont choose accounting as a major Albrecht and Sack (2000) suggest that the high degree and career options are the reasons for declining of the number of accounting graduate. Therefore, intrinsic and extrinsic career related factors might also affect the choice of accounting as a career. There are many factors related to Extrinsic factors such as the job market, financial and career considerations, the costs of becoming a CA have also been examined in prior research. Job variety, availability, security and opportunities have all been proposed as possible factors that effect for accounting choice (Hartwell et al, 2005). Financial factors such as initial salaries and career consideration (potential long-term earning, prestige, career prospects) are the reasons for declining the number of accounting graduate Albrecht and Sack (2000), for example in the US school students 40 % focused opportunities for career promotion and 10 % valued financial rewards (Hartwell et al, 2005). The results for Japan study, suggests that the tertiary students were also attracted by career prospects and social status and prestige (Sugahara Boland, 2005). However, social status or prestige is not so important to Australian tertiary students (Jackling Calero, 2006). But some researchers suggest that the financial rewards dont impact for accounting choice and not as important as intrinsic factor (Paolillo Estes, 1982). However Sugahara Boland, 2005, they suggests initial earning were very important for tertiary students to choose their career. The result of New Zealand study argued that both initial and long term earning are important (Ahmed et al, 1997) MAJOR HUMAN INFLUENCERS OR REFERENTS. Prior studies suggests that the human or referents very important factor that impact for students for their career or to became CA ,some examination of the literature surrounding potential influencers or referents indicates there are five possible groups: parents/caregivers, friends, accounting/business professional members, university instructors and high school teachers/career advisors. Ahmend et al (1997) . (Cohen Hanno, 1993; Allen 2004). They use the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as its theoretical framework have identified that tertiary students make a choice of major, in part, based on what their relevant referents think they should do This was also the case in the Tan and Laswad (2006) study. Regarding the importance of parents. Sugahara Boland, 2005 found that the most importance or significant is parents to influence of students choice . However, other US studies have found them to be less important (Paolillo Estes, 1982; Hermanson Hermanson 1995; Maudlin et al. , 2000). When combined with friends, family was found to be significant (48%) by Hartwell et al (2005). However, friends on their own were seen to be less important in the studies by Paolillo and Estes (1982) and Hermanson and Hermansson (1995). Japanese study found that the members of accounting or business professions were the most influential referent for accounting students career(Sugahara Boland, 2005) and the second most influential one for US accounting majors (Cohen Hanno, 1993; Hermanson Hermanson, 1995; Allen, 2004). US research has further demonstrated that accounting professionals can have an impact on the perception of accountants and the accounting profession when they make planned presentations to introductory accounting courses (Fedoryshyn Tyson, 2003). The high school teacher and high school career advisor found by previous studies. Hermanson (1995) and Hartwell et al. (2005) . Some research such as Hermanson and argue that in the US, high school teachers / career advisors only influence 5 to 12% of their students career choice. They were also found to have a weak influence on Japanese students (Sugahara Boland, 2005). However, the studies in US and Ireland has identified that the influence of teachers for students to their accounting perception (Paolillo Estes, 1982; Mauldin et al 2000; Byrne Flood, 2005; Byrne and Willis, 2005). Even though the results are inconsistent, any misconception of accountants and the accounting profession by these high school teachers and career advisors has the potential to change a students major or career choice. Wells and Fieger (2005) in a New Zealand based survey of high school teachers found that there was a mismatch between high school teachers perceptions of accounting and accountings actual role and that the teachers had a low opinion of accounting as a career option for students. These results are similar to two other studies that utilize the same survey instrument, those of Hardin et al. (2000) and Sugahara et al. (2006). These two research studies suggest that high school teachers consider accounting monotonous and boring (Sugahara et al. , 2006, p. 416) and that the accounting profession has a serious perception problem among high school educators (Hardin et al. , 2000, p. 216) when compared to other professions such as medicine, law and engineering. Furthermore, the Wells and Fieger (2005) results support those of Fransisco et al. (2003) who conclude that, in addition to the boring image of accounting, some high school teachers in the US are not encouraging their brightest students to consider accounting as a career. High school career advisors perceptions of the accounting profession have also been investigated. Pollock, Papiernik and Slaubaugh (2002), in a US-based study suggest that career advisors thought that the accounting profession was uninteresting, stressful, time consuming and not that financially rewarding with accounting overall being viewed as boring. They were also not familiar with the CPA requirements. However, high school career advisors have not been examined in a New Zealand context. Many researchers suggests that the students not only influenced by own perception but there are many reasons such as teachers, parents, and friends that effect their choice in high school or university Harrison (1998), however prior studies found that the impact of teachers on a students very important in university to choose accounting as major (e. g. Paolillo and Estes 1982; Hermanson and Hermanson 1995; Geiger and Ogilby 2000; Mauldin et al. , 2000) Some studies also found that parents had strong influence on accounting decisions Inman et al. , (1989); Mauldin et al. , (2000) and Tan and Laswad (2006). The result about Asian students suggests that the important of human to effect of their opinions towards accounting major Auyeung and Sands (1997). Tan and Laswad (2006) also found that international students in particular regarded the views of parents and career counselors as important in their selection of intended major. METHODS AND DESIGN TARGET POPULATION. The target population of this study is the Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), students studying of postgraduate and undergraduate Accounting course in 2010. SAMPLE. The sampling procedures relied on convenience and self-selection. All members of the sample were enrolled at university Utara Malaysia in one of the Malaysia universities. they were either in an Accounting-major class. For this study, there were two Groups, postgraduate and undergraduate students in UUM. INSTRUMENT. The instrument came in the form of a modified from Satoshi Sugahara and Gregory Boland (2005) study, the Accounting Profession as a Career Choice for tertiary Business students in Japan . 112 the questionnaire included 17 questions. Seven questions were related to Demographic information, five Questions related to Career choice, and five questions were related to perception toward the accounting profession. The Perception questions dealt with topics that affected specific perception toward the accounting profession such as background for accounting, occupational attributes regarding an accountant, difficulties to become a CPA. The career choice questions dealt with future career plans and goals as well as major selection and development, influenced by people, and factors for career options and development. DATA COLLECTION. The data set used in this study was collected via questionnaires completed by 150 students undertaking the accounting major as part of their undergraduate and postgraduate studies at a Universiti Utara Malaysia. This unit of study represents the first unit of accounting studied in the undergraduate and postgraduate degree that is only completed by students pursuing an accounting major. The questionnaire collected background information relating to entry pathway, country of permanent residence and factors important in decision to major in accounting The present study replicated several aspects of prior study of Satoshi Sugahara and Gregory Boland (2005) ,the Accounting Profession as a Career Choice for tertiary Business students in Japan , a factor analysis using the Accounting Attitude Scale (AAS) developed by Nelson (1991). The 150 questionnaires were distributed and collected directly from the classrooms at each Class. After eliminating unusable questionnaires, an effective 112 responses (74. 66% response rate) were used. Most of the unusable responses were due to the incompletion of the Questionnaires STATISTICAL ANALYSIS. Factor analysis was selected as the prime method for our study. This method is usually conducted by using a combination of factor extraction and factor rotation. It is possible that by using the factor extraction method we can identify any underlying latent patterns of relationships among students vocational attributes. This has the effect of condensing the gathered information into smaller and more meaningful components or factors. The factors were identified by determining the optimal combination of attributes, which enabled more of the variance in the data to be explained compared to any other variable combinations. Among several factor extraction methods available, the principal component analysis was selected for this study simply because it is one of the more commonly used today. The optimal numbers of factors were determined by applying the most commonly used eigenvalues- greater-than- one rule (Kim Mueller, 1978). From the samples used in our study, two factor analyses were conducted for both the postgraduate and undergraduate accounting students groups. As for the factor rotation procedure, the Promax rotation technique was applied to assist us in the interpretation of potential influential factors. This method has also been widely used in previous studies, for example Ahmadi et al. (1995). Following the analysis of these vocational attributes a descriptor was assigned to properly reflect the meaning of the factor and grouped attribute. In addressing students perceptions of the work of accountants the study uses descriptive statistics to examine the attitude of undergraduate and postgraduate students towards the accounting profession. The study explored students attitudes towards the work of accountants following the methodology by Satoshi Sugahara and Gregory Boland (2005). RESULTS INTRODUCTION. In this study, questionnaires were distributed to students studying the accounting course in the UUM. Of the 112 useable responses 74 were female and 38 were male. The distributions of students by race were 88 Malaysian students (46 Malay, 38 Chinese, and 2 Indian), 12 Arab, and 12 other international students. GENERAL PERCEPTIONS. The results of the present study show that the majority (32. 14%) of the respondents chose their careers during Pre-High school. This may imply that the recruitment campaigns at schools are fairly effective, but that career guidance teachers should provide more information to enlighten students regarding the pros and cons of the profession. This is in line with the findings of Hermanson et al. (1995) and Paolillo and Estes (1982). However, Sale (2001) and Graves, Nelson and Deines (1993) found that the majority of students made their career choice only once they had registered at a tertiary institution. CAREER CHOICE MOTIVATION DATA. PERCEIVED CONSTRAINTS OF THE PROFESSION. FUTURE CAREER PLANS. There are four factors were identified for accounting students. These results explained 73. 953% of total variance. The Promax method was selected for rotation, and all attributes with factor loadings of more than 0. 5 were retained for the purpose of this analysis. The first largest factor for accounting students was interpreted as Intrinsic and extrinsic career related factors (23. 154%) confirmed by the two attributes such as chance to make a contribution and nature of job. The intrinsic value was specifically defined in prior studies (Felton et al. ,1994; Ahmed et al. , 1997) as the factor relating to ones satisfaction derived from jobs, which Provide the chance to be creative, autonomous, intellectual challenging and working in a Dynamic environment. Prior New Zealand research (Malthus Fowler, 2003) has indicated that although extrinsic factors such as financial rewards, prestige and other market related factors are perceived as important when choosing an accounting career, they are inconclusive as to whether intrinsic factors such as job satisfaction are also important. The financial rewards factor. Financial reward has been regarded as an important factor that affects a students career choice decision in many prior studies (Paolillo Estes, 1982; Kochanek Norgaard, 1985; Inman et al. , 1989; Adams et al. , 1994; Felton et al. , 1994; Ahmed et al. , 1997) In the present study, this factor, comprising good initial salary and good long-term earning. Nevertheless, we believe that the attributes of financial rewards were integrated with other attributes to form different factors. As seen above, the attribute good long-term earning was combined with the largest Career Prospects factor. Similarly, the attributes for financial rewards, for example good initial salary, come with job availability. Another factor for accounting students was interpreted as Job Market Conditions. This factor also has been observed in previous studies (Felton et al. , 1994; Ahmed et al. , 1997). The two attributes of element of job variety adventure and flexibility in career options were basically incorporated into this factor. The factor of working environment. Although accounting students consider this as one of the influential factors. In accordance with this factor, Buckley McKenna (1973) similarly regarded some attributes, for examples the length of work hours and other physical working conditions, as crucial aspects of employers job motivation, which would affect ones career choice. However for this current study factors contained the three following attributes: sufficient time for social life, length of work hours and good physical working conditions. Research has suggested that at high school, the study of accounting, an aptitude for mathematics and/or an interest in the subject impacts on the choice of accounting as a career with this choice potentially being influenced by the students teachers and career advisors. The high school and tertiary students who were studying accounting generally had a more positive attitude towards accounting and accountants. The perception as to what skills and characteristics are required for an accounting career potentially affects the type of student the career advisors may encourage to study accounting at high school. Nonetheless, the results also indicate that other factors played a role in the career decisions the students made. The final factor for accounting students was interpreted as The Major human influencers or referents factor ranked relatively lower for both student groups in deciding their vocational choice. The empirical study by Inman et al. (1989), Silverstone Williams (1979) and Mauldin et al. (2000) reported that parental influence was relatively stronger. Similarly, Cohen Hanno (1993), Allen (2004) and Tan Laswad (2006) discovered that close friends and business friends have exercised significant influence on students major choice when studying accounting. Previous New Zealand Laswad Tan, 2005, Charting a course into accountancy, Chartered Accountancy Journal of New Zealand, 59-61 research suggests that the most important referent for New Zealand students is their parents (caregivers). However, international research suggests other groups may also be important. It was apparent from all the student focus groups that the main referents were the students parents and family members, teachers, and people. Other referents mentioned were friends, and university. CORRELATIONS. Correlation is a vicariate measure of association (strength) of the relationship between two variables. It varies from 0 (random relationship) to 1 (perfect linear relationship) or -1 (perfect negative linear relationship). It is usually reported in terms of its square, interpreted as percent of variance explained. The use of partial correlation is usually restricted to simple models of 3 or 4 variables, 5 at the most (Cohon, 1983). Correlation will also be attenuated to the extent there is measurement error, including use of sub-interval data or artificial truncation of the range of the data. Correlation can also be a misleading average if the relationship varies depending on the value of the independent variables. This section reports the correlation analysis results of maximum figures of inter-factor correlation were 0. 294 between factor 4 and factor 2 for accounting students, and shown the relationship between factor 3 and factor 1 were 0. 261, also the correlation between factor 3 and factor 2 were (0. 236). STRATEGIES TO ENCOURAGE ACCOUNTING STUDENTS. As noted above the results of our factor analysis for accounting students revealed that the major influential factor was Intrinsic Value. It would appear credible that such occurrences may quickly drive a students career choice away from accounting. To address this worrying issue, it is necessary to disseminate appropriate promotional activities that can negate such negative images and convince students of the attractiveness attached to a CPA profession. Our study also reports that the factor Career Prospects is ranked relatively higher for accounting students. From the authors experience. The empirical evidence supports this. However, our study suggests that this kind of information can be very harmful to our brightest accounting students. The findings also suggested that accounting students seem to be quite sensitive to employability when it comes to Job Market Considerations. While this factor was ranked for accounting students, the sub section for accounting students contained two specific attributes: namely job availability and security of employment. Working environment and financial rewards are in common in terms of physical benefits. Several prior studies examined and found that these factors have significant influences on a students career choice in relation to accounting (Paolillo Estes, 1982; Kochanek Norgaard, 1985; Inman et al. , 1989; Adams et al. , 1994; Felton et al. , 1994; Ahmed et al. , 1997). In contrast, the finding of our study in Malaysia indicated that these were ranked as only minor factors. The results again confirm that both the professional body and the accounting firms should give more attention to the intrinsic values rather than the physical factors when marketing the attractiveness of a CPA career especially for the accounting students. As for the remaining influential vocational factor for accounting students, Persons Influences, was rated the lowest. Prior studies discussed the effectiveness of this factor but have failed to agree on this issue. Some studies insisted that Persons Influence is very important to a students career choice (Paolillo Estes, 1982; Cohen Hanno, 1993) while other studies have not supported this impact (Gul et al. , 1989; Ahmed et al. , 1997). The analysis of this current study in Malaysia supports the latter cases, which indicate that promotional activities involving other persons could be relatively ineffective in encouraging accounting students. Job market considerations were also ranked relatively higher accounting students. This also suggests we need to emphasize the importance of the economical and physical conditions of an accounting career, rather than the mental factors such as occupational intrinsic values that were more important to accounting students. Therefore, in establishing a career pathway accounting students may be slightly driven by these attributes in the short-term. This aspect should also be considered by the professional body and accounting firms when developing remuneration schemes. CONCLUSION. The purpose of this study was to observe factors profiles in career choice for accounting students. The results of our empirical study indicated that there were four factors, our study also suggests strategies for the accounting professional body and the accounting firms to develop and maintain the attractiveness of the CPA in accordance with the results of the statistical analyses. As discussed, the strategies to promote the accounting profession. There are several limitations in this study. The strategies used to promote the accounting profession to accounting students and vice versa. Any contradiction between the resulting strategic will diminish if we can identify students future career perspective at an early stage of their career. Secondly, the study only asked students opinion regarding the attributes influencing their career decision. We ignored the effects on career choice of personal values, which is regarded as one of the cognitive styles, may influence a students career choice (Kolb, 1981). Thirdly, this study focused on the domestic population. Since some of the findings in this study were unique to specific traits identified in Malaysia, it is difficult to conclude discussion without comparative counterparts. International comparative studies within several countries regarding this topic will be required in order to finalize the issues. These limita

Advertising Essay Samples - Overview

Advertising Essay Samples - Overview What it means is that the site features ads that are much like the content of the site under consideration. Individuals are thought to be creative should they produce ideas that differ from others and that convey a specific message. Public service advertisements are frequently the very first things considered when folks discuss the positives of advertisements. Social networking is composed of websites which enable users to produce and share content with different users throughout the world wide web. Just as social media have transformed the manner in which individuals communicate with one another, in addition it has transformed the way by which businesses communicate and interact with one another. They spend this time making decisions about what to do with certain people who aren't complying with the conditions as well as how to keep encouraging everyone who's doing a good job in the program. 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Prompts Make It Easy to Take an Overview of What Will Be Part of Your ProjectWhen you are comparing and contrasting the topics and themes for your last big project, consider a prompt a compare and contrast the topics and themes for your project. Prompts make it easy to take an overview of what will be part of your project. By taking a quick survey of the projects completed by the attendees, you will be able to get a better idea of what to expect from your own event.Do you use cover letters? If so, you probably do not use the same style of cover letter for your next project. You may want to think about working with a prompt for a cover letter. A prompt for a cover letter is a nice way to work with cover letters in the next project.Do you write for a targeted audience? Or does your audience know you write for their newsletter? Maybe you write for the newsletter you publish as a business owner and would like to include some information about your marketing strategies.Do you love wording s that make your point quickly? Well, by writing a cover letter as a prompt, you can get your point across by doing so in less than 10 seconds.How is your writing prompt going to fit into your overall strategy? How will it fit into your overall marketing strategy? By being creative, you can really spice up your entire marketing plan.Last but not least, don't forget to include a testimonial about yourself. Even if you're a local person who loves to travel, you'll want to give some good information about your experiences and what you love about your travel destinations. By including a testimonial, you will help potential clients and guests to choose you as someone they want to work with.You can use a prompt a compare and contrast the topics and themes for your project. You can even include a prompt for a cover letter to write your own cover letter. And that is just one way to bring more business to your site.

Essay Writing is Hard Work

Essay Writing is Hard WorkWriting a longer essay is a lot harder than it sounds. It requires more focus and concentration, because you need to prove that you are indeed an intelligent person. Even if you're not particularly an intelligent person, but are confident enough to have an opinion, you will still want to look at the writing samples for the length of your essay.It is easy to be impatient when you're looking for essay samples, and you can get lazy. However, you should make sure that you really pay attention when you read an essay. It will most likely seem like a walk in the park, but with all the various distractions that you may have and all the complicated writing problems you might encounter, you don't want to take a chance. Make sure that you actually pay attention to each part of the essay, and you should write an essay that you would feel proud to present.When you're starting out writing a longer essay, you need to remember that you don't want to write it all by yourself . So you're going to need a friend or two to help you out. You need someone to bounce ideas off of, and if you want to be considered smart, then you need to know that you have a few friends who are willing to help you out in your pursuit of a great essay.If you don't have any friends who you can borrow from, then don't worry. You still have another option in your quest for an essay that is long and impressive. Write an essay with help from a computer. There are software programs that can allow you to format the essays in a way that will make them appear much longer than they actually are.If you aren't very computer savvy, then it's easy to say that this is too hard to write an essay on your own. But a computer program can handle just about anything. Whether you're writing a lengthy article or you're writing an essay on the history of the United States, you'll find that these programs are very useful for whatever you're writing.So even if you don't think you can write your essay, the n make sure that you look for an essay on the Internet. These essays will help you in a lot of ways. For example, they can give you ideas for writing your essay, and they can teach you how to type up your essay properly. This means that you'll be able to make better use of all of the essay writing services.Writing an essay is hard, but it doesn't have to be as hard as you think. There are many other people who will help you through the writing process, and it won't be as difficult as you think.

How to Find a My Future Essay Sample

How to Find a My Future Essay SampleOnce you have selected your essay topic and created your essay topic options, it is time to find a My Future Essay Sample. There are many different places that can provide you with a free copy of a sample essay. Many websites sell these samples for you at very low cost. When you select a resource that sells them, you will be helping yourself in many ways.These are great for people who only want to browse the web or don't want to pay for them. Not every site will give you the exact same samples. You need to know that they are usually not as good as the ones that you will find at a college or university. When you choose a college or university as your resource, you will have access to the most professional-looking essay that you can buy.The best place to go when you are ready to select an essay is the website of the college or university. They can provide you with a wide variety of essays from all parts of the country and all levels of education. The essays range from high school to graduate school, to undergraduate and even graduate school. This should give you an idea of what you are getting.You should also see if the college or university has a writing center where you can visit and meet the educational staff. Sometimes they will give you a free book so that you can review your ideas. This will give you an idea of how much knowledge they have and how they make their decisions.You can also visit the writing center. This is a huge help if you have the opportunity to sit down with someone who is knowledgeable. Most writing centers offer several free sessions so that you can really get the advice that you need. You will probably want to use a writing center where the curriculum is completely free.No matter where you look, you should be able to find a student's essay for free. Some students just want to post the writing on the internet and receive feedback. Others want to build up a portfolio to go to colleges and universities fo r a job interview. When you find an essay for free, it is a great tool for building up your portfolio.It is always better to look for a free college essay before you go on to the paid versions. A paid essay may not be worth much if you never read it. You do not want to get burned by a high priced writing sample.

The Concept of Normality In Relation To Eating Disorders

Normality is a concept that can be understood in different perspectives. Sociologically speaking, normality can be differentiated from the norm which refers to the acceptable behaviors in a society. Normality refers to the adherence to the acceptable standards set by a society. Normality is closely guarded by the social constructions of a particular society in the sense that what is considered normal is determined by the forces of the society.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Concept of Normality In Relation To Eating Disorders specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that what is normal in one society may not be necessarily normal in another (Smolak, Levine Striegel-Moore, 1996). Therefore, issues of eating disorders can be understood from a social cultural perspective as the culture of a specific society determines its eating patterns, thus, influencing the possibility of either the existence or oth erwise of an eating disorders. This paper examines how the understanding of the concept of normality in the society affects conditions of the existence or otherwise of an eating disorder. The whole concept of eating disorders can be explained through the sociological understanding of the concept of normality. Among the dominant sociological understanding of normality that will be used to argue through the concept of eating disorders in this paper are the views such as; what is considered normal can be differentiated from the abnormal even if it may not be the norm, what is normal is a social construct that is imposed by the society, people struggle to fit to the ideals that are set by the society which may affect their eating patterns and lastly, how social change has contributed to the existence of eating disorders. Normality can be defined differently by different people since different things are normal in some communities and abnormal in others. However, different aspects of nor mal behavior can be used to indicate normality (Weiten 2010). However, this view is still directly regulated by the cultural belief of the society. The agents of socialization can be used to express the concept of normality in a number of ways. People grow in a structured society that determines what is normal against what is abnormal. The set standard influences the behavior of a person in all cultural facets as they determine what will be adopted against what will be transgressed. Eating patterns being a culturally controlled concept’s and directly affected by the cultures that exists in a specific society. According to Treasure, Schmidt and Furth, (2005), human beings evaluate their standards in the society based on specific societal standards. This means that a specific society has what it considers ideal as well as what it considers abnormal. These social standards run across a spectrum of measurements that affect all facets of culture. In such cases, there is what is co nsidered normal eating patterns. A good example of how societal ideals can influence the eating disorders can be the explanation of the importance that is placed on the concept of body size. According to Taylor and Muller, (1995), all members of the society should strive to ensure that they conform to the â€Å"normal† standards of their society.Advertising Looking for assessment on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite the fact that bodies have genetic differences that determines their shape and size, the need to strive to conform to the ideal body size forces many members of the society, especially women to adopt to specific eating habits that may characterize certain disorders (Sheridan, 2007). Another issue that is of paramount importance in understanding the concept of normality in regard to eating disorders is that normality or abnormality is a social construct (Morgan Bhugra, 2010). There are no universal standard to define what is normal or abnormal. Each culture has its own conceptualization of normality and abnormality, which makes something to be normal in one culture and abnormal in another. Similarly, the conceptualization of eating disorders varies from one society to the other as there are no strict universal disorders that run across the spectrum of societies. It is also evident that there are disorders that are associated with specific cultural basis due to the regionalization of specific food to specific regions (Wonderlich, Walsh and Mitchell, 2011). Normality as a social construct can be used to explain some eating disorders, especially those associated with teenagers. As noted by Hales, Yudofsky and Gabbard, (2008), teenage girls have a misconceived concept of ideal body shape and size where being extremely thin regardless of the means towards this course is seen as fashionable and ideal. The notion held by these teenage girls has forced most of them to del iberately avoid eating or to induce vomiting (Bloomfield, 2006). This behavior has led many teenage girls to adopt risky health paths in pursuit of what they conceive to be normal. Beside the identified issue that deals with teenage girls, the other group that is greatly affected by the societal constructs is that of the entire female gender where women may be classified as overweight while their male counterparts may pass without acquiring the label of being overweight, even when they are overweight in the real sense. Thus, more women will strive to conform to the society’s ideal size, a fact that has contributed to various forms of eating disorders. This shows that the concept of what is seen as normal or abnormal towards eating disorders does not necessarily need to be actually healthy, but a construct of the society (Harper-Giuffre and MacKenzie, 1992). Media as an agent of socialization has a lot of influence to the menace of eating disorders. As noted by Sheridan, (2007 ), the media plays a significant role in determining what the ideal body size is especially for women. These ideas that are transferred to the masses through commercials and other programs in the media influences the perception of people towards certain body sizes where contemporary cultures have viewed the slim bodies as the ideal ones.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Concept of Normality In Relation To Eating Disorders specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, when this issue is juxtaposed with the commercials of food known to have high fat content such as fast food products and ice creams, the perception of healthy eating among the members of a population get distorted which forces majority of the people to indulge in unhealthy eating habits as they are â€Å"normalized† by the media. Social change is another aspect that affects or understanding of normality. In most contemporary societies, co nsumption of fast food is considered normal today than it was considered five decades ago (Gentile, 2006). The changing social forces such as the rise of the consumerism culture have led to the rise of the number of people who consume fast foods as well as other readymade meals offered in fast food restaurant. Although many people may have the notion of how unhealthy the fast foods may be to their health, they continue consuming them as the consumption of these products is seen as â€Å"normal† in the society. This means that the society understands that eating fast food is a normal issue, a fact that contributes to the current eating disorders. In conclusion, it is evident that the sociological understanding of the concept of normality can be used to explain various eating disorders. The paper has managed to explain the views of eating disorders in three perspectives, which are the perception of what is normal versus what is abnormal, normality as a construct of the society and finally, personal understanding of normality and eating disorders and how this personal understanding affects people’s conceptualization of their conditions. Reference List Bloomfield, S. 2006. Eating Disorders: Helping Your Child Recover. Oklahoma. Beat Publishers. Gentile, K. 2006. Creating bodies: eating disorders as self-destructive survival New York: RoutledgeAdvertising Looking for assessment on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hales, R, E. Yudofsky S, C. Gabbard, G, O. 2008. The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychiatry. New York: American Psychiatric Publications Harper-Giuffre, H. MacKenzie, K., R. 1992. Group psychotherapy for eating disorders Carlifornia: American Psychiatric Pubbications Morgan, C. and Bhugra, D. 2010. Principles of Social Psychiatry. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Sheridan, K., E. 2007. Eating disorders as a case study of cultural maladaptation. California: American Psychiatric Publications. Shils M. and Shike, M. 2006. Modern nutrition in health and disease. Chicago: Lippincott Williams Wilkins Smolak, L., P., Levine, M. and Striegel-Moore, R. 1996. The developmental psychopathology of eating disorders: implications for research, prevention, and treatment. New York: Routledge, Taylor, J., and Muller, D., J.1995. Nursing adolescents: research and psychological perspectives. London. Wiley-Blackwell. Treasure, J., Schmidt, U. and Furth, E. 2005. The essential handbook o f eating disorders New York: John Wiley and Sons. Weiten, W. 2010. Psychology: Themes and Variations. Upper Saddle River: Cengage Learning. Wonderlich, S. A., Walsh, T. and Mitchell, J. E. 2011. Developing an Evidence-Based Classification of Eating Disorders: Scientific Findings for DSM-5. California: American Psychiatric Publications. This assessment on The Concept of Normality In Relation To Eating Disorders was written and submitted by user Derr1ck to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.